Planeamentu ba Dezenvolvimentu Nasional Timor-Leste: Quo Vadis?*

[ Hosi Augusto S. Barreto** ]

Kestaun planeamentu nasional to’o ohin loron sei kontinua sai nuudar asuntu ida importante iha diskursu ka debate entre ema polítiku na’in sira, akadémiku sira, sosiedade sivil sira, funsionariu públiku senior sira to’o ema públiku baibain sira. Foin lalais fó sai iha media konaba aprezentasaun PEDN 2030 iha Perlementu Nasional (PN). Maski PEDN ne’e hetan duni aprovasaun maibe Fretelin no PUN walk out. Membru PN hosi bloku kolegasaun AMP aprova no parte opozisaun sente katak iha presaun tanba tempu atu diskuti badak liu, la urjenti atu halo lalais aprovasaun ba PEDN 2030. Situasaun ne’e hamosu pergunta bo’ot ida: tanbasa polítiku na’in sira gosta atu halo debate, defisil atu hetan konkordansia ba asuntu importantisímu ida ne’e? Lia-fuan seluk bele dehan nusa mak PEDN ida ema hein hela kleur tiha ona no konsidera di’ak ba dezenvolvimentu nasional, invez hetan apoiu hotu, maibe balun sei laran todan? Iha polítika diferensia hirak ne’e baibain. Maibe diskordansia temin iha leten tuir hakerek na’in nia observasaun la’os kestaun huun, la’os PEDN 2030 de’it mak sai problema. Politik na’in sira konsentra liu atu hetan apoiu hodi aprova ka la aprova PEND 2030. Padahal PEDN ne’e foin mak hanesan komponenti ida hosi sistema no prosesu planeamentu nasional tomak. Dokumentu PDN 2002 (iha ne’e habadak ba PDN1) kleur tiha ona fó hatene ba ita katak planeamentu ba futuru ne’e hanesan prosesu kontinuu ida. Planu ba dezenvolvimentu nasional ne’e foin hanesan hakat ida dahuluk hosi prosesu planeamentu ida estruturadu. (Planning for the future is an ongoing concern, and the national Development Plan is only the beginning of a structured planning process). Problema loloos mak durante tinan sia nia laran Governu hirak ka’er ukun seidauk halo jestaun planeamentu ho efikaz ho efisiente. Governu seidauk kria no hatuur iha fatin sistema no prosesu planeamentu ida klara, la iha Lei atu regula jestaun ba planeamentu, kapasidade planeamentu ladun forte, la iha ajensia planeamentu ida atu halo jestaun planeamentu no fiar liu ba ema seluk prepara buat hothotu ba ita.

Tanba ne’e hakerek na’in la hakfodak wainhira politik na’in sira diskuti malu hodi la hetan konkordansia tuir ita hotu nia hakarak. Independenti hosi kestaun politik, iha sorin seluk hatudu katak ita barak mak ko’alia de’it konaba PEDN 2030 maibe afinal laiha kuenesementu ka laiha retratu ida kompleta konaba planeamentu ba dezenvolvimentu ne’e rasik. Situasaun ne’e motiva hakerek na’in atu tenta halo diagnosa ka analiz ida konaba kestaun planeamentu ba dezenvolvimentu nasional ne’e.

Artigu ida ne’e atu reforsa de’it hakerek na’in ninia artigu balun fó sai uluk ne’ebé sujere katak reforma administrativa ne’ebé oras ne’e Governu halo hela tenke reforma mós sistema no prosesu planeamentu ba dezenvolvimentu nasional. Maibe to’o agora seidauk haree buat ne’e la’o. Iha artigu ida ne’e, hakerek na’in koloka ba parte maior tolu: Dahuluk konaba introdusaun. Daruak mak esplikasaun badak konaba istória hosi prosesu planeamentu nasional iha Timor-Leste. Datoluk konaba tanbasa mak planeamentu iha Timor-Leste seidauk la’o loloos. Husi diagnose ida ne’e, hakerek na’in aprezenta pontu importante lima hodi responde ba pergunta hirak temin iha leten.

Istoria badak konaba Planeamentu ba Dezenvolvimentu iha Timor-Leste

Konseitu no prátika planeamentu ba dezenvolvimentu iha Timor-Leste la’os buat foun. Iha kedas tempu Portugês nia ukun iha tinan 1970 mai leten ita rona ona Plano de Fomento ka Plano Intercalar de Fomentu. Planeamantu iha tempu ne’eba se la sala foka ba agrikultura, urbanizasaun, nsst.

Iha tempu Indonezia nia okupasaun durante tinan 24 nia laran halo ema Timor kuenese di’ak liutan konseitu, sistema no prosesu planeamentu ba dezenvolvimentu nasional hanesan Garis-Garis Besar Haluan Negara (GBHN), Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional, Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang, Jangka Menengah ka Rencana Pembangunan Lima Tahun (REPELITA), no Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Pendek ka Rencana Pembangunan Tahunan, nsst. Indonezia mós estabele ajensia planeamentu ho naran Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (BAPPENAS) iha nivel nasional, Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Tingkat I (BAPPEDA TK. I) iha nivel Provinsia no BAPPEDA TK II iha nivel distritu. Ajensia ida ne’e ninia estatutu semi autónomu, lidera hosi Ministru no Kepala BAPPENAS no diretamente iha Presidente da Repúblika ninia okos. Ajensia ida ne’e ninia kompetensia bo’ot tebes atu prepara Planu Dezenvolvimentu Nasional, halo koordenasaun no kontrolu em termus monitorizasaun no avaliasaun ba implementasaun planu nasional. Prosesu planeamentu ne’e halo liu hosi aprosimasaun “button-up” ka hosi kedas Suku, Sub-distritu, Sistritu, Provinsia to’o Nasional. Liu hosi prosesu hirak ne’e mak Governu foin desidi prioridade programa, projetu ho atividade, no determina alokasaun orsamentu jeral estadu hodi bele gasta ba prioridade hirak ne’e iha tinan ida nia laran. Prosesu ne’e naruk maibe efetivu tebes. Karik durante ninia implementasaun mak la halao ho loloos hodi hamosu korupsaun barak, maibe em termus sistema no prosesu, bele sai referensia di’ak atu halo tuir.

Iha tempu UNTAET, iha komisaun ida hanaran Komisaun Planeamentu ka Planning Commission. Komisaun Planeamentu ne’e mak prepara Relatóriu Estadu de Nasaun (REN 2002), Vizaun 2020, no Planu Dezenvolvimentu Nasional (PDN 2002-2007).

Iha 20 de Maiu Timor-Leste deklara ninia restaurasaun ukun rasik aan, Governu foun hamrik ho ninia estrutura foun mós. Komisaun Planeamentu iha UNTAET nia tempu nakfilak fali ba dirasaun foun ida ho naran Dirasaun Nasional Planeamentu no Koordenasaun Asistensia Esterna ka kuenesidu liu ho naran badak iha Inglês ho NDPEAC (National Directorate for Planning and External Assistance Coordination). NDPEAC hanesan dirasaun babain ida iha estrutura Ministériu Planu no Finansas. Oinsa ninia kontinuasaun iha periodu IV Governu Konstitusional? Esplikasaun tuir mai sei hatudu.

Tanbasa prosesu planeamentu ba dezenvolvimentu nasional la’o seidauk loloos?

Tuir hakerek na’in nia observasaun durante tinan sia nia laran hatudu katak hosi kedas I Governu Konstitusional to’o IV Governu Konstitusional seidauk iha vontade di’ak, “sengaja”, ka la iha duni kapasidade atu hadia ka hatuur iha fatin sistema no prosesu planeamentu ba desenvolvimentu nasional. Iha pontu hirak tuir mai mak sai hanesan indikasaun ba hakerek nai’n nian argumentasaun ne’e.

Dahuluk, Vizaun 2020, Vizaun 2025, ka Vizaun 2030?

Ita nota katak ita tinan ida ka rua kotuk ministériu sira balun prepara sira nia planu estratéjiku ho Vizaun 2020, balun Vizaun 2025, balun ho Vizaun 2030. Ikus mai bainhira Primeiru Ministru desidi to’o 2030 foin hothotu halo mudansa tuir. Hamosu Vizaun barak la sala ida, klaru ke ema idaidak iha ninia vizaun atu hadia rai ne’e liu hosi kreatividade halo projesaun ba futuru. Kestaun mak ne’e, Timor-Leste iha ona Vizaun 2020, maibe nusa la konsistente ho Vizaun 2020? Vizaun 2020 la’os ema ida nian, la’os lider polítiku ida nian, la’os Parpol ida nia kusta. Vizaun 2020 mai hosi povu, mai hosi konsultasaun klean ho populasaun rihun atus tolu resin ne’ebé reprezenta povu Timor-Leste tomak, katuas, ferik, labarik, igreija, sosiedade sivil, setór privadu, to’o akadémiku no official governu, nsst. Vizaun 2020 refleta povu nia hanoin, povu nia valor, povu nia aspirasaun konaba saida mak sira hakarak atu akontese ba sira nia moris iha kontekstu tinan 20 oin mai (the formulation of the Development Vision for the Country to the year of 2020 was carried out in full consultation with the people, civil society organizations and government officials. The vision is a an amalgamation of the inputs and tries to reflect accurately and fully the aspirations of all East Timorese). Vizaun 2020 sai hanesan baze, matadalan no sasukat ida atu orienta Timor-Leste hala’o ninia dezenvolvimentu ba oin iha tinan 20 nia laran (2002 – 2020). Vizaun 2020 sai alvu úniku ba dezenvolvimentu nasional longu praju. Vizaun 2020 ne’e mak iha lejitimidade forte, válidu, no sei relevante to’o ohin loron no to’o 2020 oin mai. Parpol sira ne’ebé manan eleisaun no ka’er governu tenki iha konsiensia, iha komitmenu no konsistenti iha enkuadramentu Vizaun 2020. Lia-fuan seluk bele dehan katak governu hirak ne’ebé ka’er hela ukun no sira balun mai iha futuru tenke asegura katak esforsu hirak atu halo dezenvolvimentu iha periodu sira ka’er ukun tenke ho objetivu principal atu realiza no lori povu Timot-Leste hakbesik ba sira nia aspirasaun ne’ebé refleta iha Vizaun 2020. Vizaun ne’e sei sai ba realidade bainhira prosesu implementasaun tenke la’o di’ak, tenke iha faze ida ne’ebé klaru, no kontrolu ida makaas, iha indikadór ida apropriadu atu sukat saida de’it mak halo ona no seidauk halo, hodi nune’e governu ida tuir mai bele hatutan iha sira nia periodu ka’er ukun. Tanba ne’e, karik sei dauk to’o tempu no urjenti atu hamosu fali vizaun seluk, la presija truka no aumenta buat oioin maibe iha realidade ninia implementasaun barak tebes mak la tuir vizaun hirak ne’e rasik. Hosik ba to’o tinan 2020 mai mak halo revizaun dala ida ka halo fali konsultasaun foun ho povu hodi nune’e bele formula fali vizaun foun iha periodu tinan 20 ida seluk iha futuru.

Daruak, Oinsa kontinuasaun no ligasaun PDN1 ho PDN2 ka PEDN2030?

Idealmente hafoin PDN1 hotu iha tinan 2007, Governu ida ka’er ukun tenke halo kedas revizaun ba PDN1 no prepara kedas PDN2, atu nune’e hametin kontinuasaun no ligasaun PDN1 ba PDN2 ka PEDN2030. Maibe revizaun ne’e rasik la akontese tuir ninia tempu hahu kedas hosi Governu ida uluk no Governu ida aktual. Tuir rekomendasaun hosi dokumentu PDN1 hateten katak PDN nuudar Timor-Leste ninia Planu dahuluk, tanba ne’e importante atu halo revizaun iha tempu ruma hodi hatene diresaun estratéjiku em jeral sei válidu ka karik tenki halo mudansa ruma (this is East Timor’s first Plan and, consequently, it is important that it is reviewed at certain times to see if the overall strategic direction remains valid or if changes should be made). Dokumentu ne’e hatutan katak ….tanba planu ne’e Planu dahaluk Timor-Leste nian, nia tenke sujeitu ba revizaun total hafoin tinan ida iha ninia operasaun ka implementasaun, signifika katak tenke halo iha fulan Jullu no Agosto 2003 (…..because the plan is East Timor’s first; it should be subject to a full review after its first year of operation, meaning that the review would be due in July – August 2003).

Infelizmente durante tinan lima nia laran governu anterior la halo tuir rekomendasaun ne’e. Tanbasa mak nune’e? Karik tanba situasaun iha tempu ne’eba la permiti? iha intensaun seluk ? ka tanba la iha ajensia ida mak atu halo revizaun ne’e? Iha dokumentu ida hateten katak PDN1 kompletamente lahetan revizaun ba tinan dahuluk ninia implementasaun tuir rekomendasaun planu ne’e rasik tanba laiha ajensia planeamentu mak atu halo – atu monitoriza prosesu implementasaun no halo ajustamentu ba PDN1 (The NDP1 was not subjected to a full review after its first year of operation as recommended by the plan itself because there was no planning body to do it – to monitor implementation and make adjustments to the NDP). Situasaun ida ne’e kontinua la’o to’o IV Governu Konstitusional nia ukun.

Iha Programa IV Governu Konstitusional 2007-2012 hateten katak Governu sei dezenvolve Planu Estratéjiku Dezenvolvimentu Nasional liu hosi aktualiza planu 2002, apoiu hosi planeamentu ekonomia ida adekuadu atu realize nesesidade real nasaun nian no liu hosi halo planu no projetu hirak iha ona hamutuk hodi bele kria enkuadramentu dezenvolvimentu ne’ebé fó dalan ba unidade nasional iha nivel hothotu, ekonomia, sosial, polítika no administrativa (the Government is going to “Develop a National Development Strategic Plan by updating the 2002 plan, supported by an adequate economic planning to meet the real needs of the Country and by making all the plans and projects that have been developed converge in order to create a development framework that will allow national unity at all levels: economic, social, political and administrative). Maski nune’e iha realidade IV Governu Konstitusional la konsege halo revizaun no prepara Planu ne’ebé refere. Governu ne’e kontinua ho Programa IV Governu Konstitusional (2007-2012) ho ninia mekanizmu foun hanesan Prioridade Nasionais no implementa kada tinan liu hosi Planu Asaun Anual. Karik tanba ne’e mak mosu komentariu balun hodi dehan katak Governu AMP la iha planu?

Iha tinan 2008 Governu harii Komisaun Nasional ba Peskiza no Dezenvolvimentu (KNPD) iha

Ministériu Ekonomia no Dezenvolvimentu ho mandatu atu prepara Relatóriu Estadu de Nasaun (REN 2008) ne’ebé sai nuudar baze dadus ba formulasaun PDN2 (2008-2012). Sementara KNPD halo hela servisu ida ne’e, mosu hanoin ida iha momentu ne’eba katak hafoin REN 2008 hotu, KNPD bele transforma hanesan embrio ba ajensia planeamentu hodi kontinua halo revizaun no prepara kedas PDN2. Tanba KNPD lokaliza iha NDPEAC nia fatin, iha asesu tomak ba dadus konaba planu iha pasadu halo KNPD iha “institutional memory” hodi bele mantein prosesu kontinuasaun entre REN2008, revizaun ba PDN1 no bele hakat ona ba preparasaun PDN2. Infelizmente esforsu hirak ne’e gasta tiha osan barak hodi selu konsultor ka assessor internasional no nasional ba halao serbisu ida ne’e maibe ikus mai Governu rasik la fó valor ba REN no la utiliza rezultadu informasaun hosi peskiza ne’ebé KNPD durante ne’e halo. KNPD ninia paradeiru ita lahatene, nune’e mós ita bele haree iha dokumentu hothotu relasiona ho programa no projetu hirak hosi ajensia internasional no governu rasik laiha ida mak sita ka uza REN 2008 hanesan referensia.

Aleimde hanoin iha leten, iha tinan 2009 mosu mós rekomendasaun mai hosi sosiedade sivil sira liu hosi NGO Forum ne’ebé hateten katak maski Governu halo ona progresu iha kurtu praju maibe dezenvolvimentu Timor-Leste la’os projetu kurtu praju, tanba ne’e ami husu ba governu no parseiru dezenvolvimentu sira atu, dala ida tan, iha tinan ida ne’e nia laran atu hahuu ona ho aprosimasaun longu praju liu hosi dezenvolve planu tinan lima (the development of Timor-Leste is not a short tem project and we therefore urge the government and development partners to, once again, foster a long term approach through the development of a 5 year plan this year). Situasaun ida ne’e kontinua la’o nafatin to tinan 2010. Liu tiha tinan tolu ka’er ukun, iha tinan 2010 foin informalmente mosu esbosu ka draft dokumentu PEDN 2011-2030 ne’ebé hateten katak ….Eight years later, it is time to revisit and updated the plan. Signifika liu tiha tinan lima Governu anterior ka’er ukun no liu tiha tinan tolu Governu AMP nia ukun foin halo revizaun ba dokumentu PDN1 ne’e. Prosesu temin iha leten halo faze ba dezenvolvimentu kotu-kotu, pedasuk-pedasuk ka fragmentadu no laiha ligasaun ida estruturadu, sistemátiku no sólidu. Ikus mai ita rona katak ema seluk mak prepara PEDN 2030 ne’e no orsamentu ba projetu ida ne’e mós la’os ki’ik. Osan gasta ba prepara PEDN ne’e to’o millaun ka tokon tolu liu ka besik tokon haat. Pergunta ne’ebé mosu mak tanbasa prosesu ida ne’e kleur tebes? Tanba kestaun téknika? Tanba kestaun interese polítika ka tarik-menarik kepentingan politik? seidauk iha konfiansa ba Timor-oan sira rasik atu halo revizaun no prepara PDN2 (PEDN2011-2030)? Maromak de’it mak bele hatene.

Ita hotu tenke hatene katak Planu Dezenvolvimentu Nasional ne’e importante tebes ba Timor-Leste. Timor-Leste hanesan nasaun joven ho númeru moris ki’ak to’o 40% liu, institusionalmente sei frajil, rekursu umanu em jeral sei limitadu, iha rekursu naturais barak mak seidauk dezenvolve hotu, iha nesesidades barak mak bele konflitu ba malu, oras ne’e osan hosi minarai aumenta ba bebeik, apoiu doadores mós sei barak, númeru dezempregu aas, nsst. Estadu tenke jere buat hirak ne’e ho di’ak liu hosi planu ida. Iha kontekstu ida ne’e Planu ka PDN serve nuudar:

Ida, desizaun no referensia ba ita nia atuasaun konaba saida mak atu halo, tansa, no oinsa. Lia fuan seluk bele dehan hanesan pontu de partida, liña orientador ka gia de marsa ba nasaun ba periodu tinan 5 iha kontekstu no perspektiva tinan 20 nia laran atu lori nasaun avansa ba oin ekonómika, sosial, no politikamente hakbesik ba Vizaun 2020 (It provides a road map for the strategic development of the country over each five-year period within a twenty-year perspective; to take the nation forward economically, socially, and politically towards Vision 2020).

Rua, Planu sai hanesan enkuadramentu filozofia ne’ebé orienta lideransa nasaun nian esforsu atu atinji vizaun konaba hadia moris povu iha futuru (provides leaders with philosophical framework for development).

Tolu, Planu hatudu pontu da konkordansia, ne’ebé karik jere ho diak bele fasilita no hametin unidade nasional, haburas partisipasaun no kooperasaun ema ida-idak ba benefisiu kolektivu ka mutual benefit.

Haat, ajuda doadores sira halo alliñamentu ba sira nia apoiu no Planu bazeia ba Deklarasaun Páris konaba Efetividade de apoiu no reforsa tan liu hosi Ajenda Accra ba Asaun (Donors can harmonize and align their plans with the Government National Strategic Development Plan – as outlined by the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness (March 2005) and reinforced through the recent Accra Agenda for Action (September 2008).

Datoluk, Faze (stage) ba dezenvolvimentu nasional la iha ligasaun klaru?

Iha indikasaun balun ne’ebé hatudu katak laiha ligasaun ida klaru entre faze dahuluk ka primeiru ho faze segundu no hirak tuir mai iha prosesu planeamentu ba dezenvolvimentu nasional ne’e.

Ida, iha esbosu dokumentu PEDN 2011-2030 (versaun 2010 nian) nia laran hateten katak PDN 2002 ka PDN1 mak fundasaun ba Timor-Leste ninia prosesu planeamentu ba dezenvolvimentu (the NDP 2002 is a cornerstone of Timor-Leste’s development planning process). Tuir mai dokumentu ne’e mós hateten katak dezenvolvimentu Timor-Leste fahe ba faze haat (Timor-Leste’s development plan is divided into four 5-year development plans) ho tinan lima kada faze mak 2011-2015, 2016-2020, 2021-2025, 2026-2030. Nune’e mós iha figura 3.1 konaba Staging of SDP 2011-2030 hatudu katak iha stage I, stage II, stage III no stage IV ho sira nia diskrisaun idaidak. Faze dezenvolvimentu nasional temin iha leten klaru fó duni konsiderasun ba PDN1 hanesan fundasaun maibe esklui fali hanesan faze dahuluk ba prosesu planeamentu Timor-Leste nian (2002-2007). Tuir loloos ne’e ita tenke konta PDN 2002-2007 hanesan Faze I atu nune’e faze ba dezenvolvimentu nasional bele sai hanesan tuir mai: Faze I (2002-2007), Faze II (2008-2012), Faze III (2013-2017), Faze IV (2018-2022) no Faze V (2028-2032).

Rua, iha hanoin ida katak faze dezenvolvimentu ida tuir versaun esbosu PEDN 2030 temin iha leten la koresponde ka la aliña ho siklu polítika eleisaun parlementar nian. Politikamente, eleisaun parlementar mak sei loke dalan ba Parpol sira forma governu ida atu ukun no ezekuta ninia programa iha tinan lima nia laran. Siklu eleisaun parlementar hahuu iha tinan 2002 hodi hamosu Governu Konstitusional I-III ne’ebé lidera hosi Partidu históriku Fretelin. Eleisaun parlementar daruak halao iha tinan 2007 hodi hamosu IV Governu Konstitusional ne’ebé kuenesidu liu ho naran Governu AMP. Tinan oin (2012) sei iha fali eleisaun parlementar datoluk hodi hamosu governu ida foun fali (karik sei hanaran V Governu Konstitusional). Purtantu siklu eleisaun parlementar ne’e bele sai hanesan baze hodi fahe faze dezenvolvimentu nasional ba Faze I (2002-2007), Faze II (2008-2012), Faze III (2013-2018), Faze IV (2019-2023). Agora mosu fali faze dezenvolvimentu versaun PEDN 2030 katak faze I 2011-2015, faze II 2016-2020, faze III 2021-2025, no faze IV 2026-2030 mak tinan hirak ne’e kontrariu malu ho periodu mandatu governu hirak tuir mai. Purezemplu iha eleisaun tinan oin mai (2012) mak Governu actual kontinua ka’er ukun ka mosu fali governu ida foun ho periodu 2013 – 2017, governu ida ne’e sei halo dezenvolvimentu PEDN 2030 faze I (2011-2015) tinan tolu de’it konta hosi 2013 ba 2015 (tinan 2011 no 2012 governu anterior ka ida uluk halo tina ona) no tanba governu ne’e ninia mandatu sei to’o tinan 2017 mak tenki kontinua halo dezenvolvimentu to’o tinan 2017, signifika hakat liu ka ultrapasa tiha tinan rua (2016-2017) hosi faze II (2016-2020) ne’ebé governu ida tuir mai mak tenke halo. Nune’e mós governu ida ka’er fali ukun iha tinan 2018 ho periodu 2018-2022, nia sei halo de’it dezenvolvimentu faze II (2016-2020) tinan tolu, hosi 2018, 2019 to’o 2020 (tinan 2016-2017 governu ida uluk halao tiha ona) maibe tanba ninia mandatu sei to’o tinan 2022 entaun nia halo fali ona dezenvolvimentu faze III (2021-2025) nian tinan rua ne’ebé governu ida tuir mai mak tenke halo. Lia-fuan badak bele dehan katak faze tinan lima hirak fahe iha PEDN 2030 halo governu sira ne’ebé ukun iha tempu oin mai sei la konsege halo kompletu no ultrapasa faze hirak ne’e tuir periodu sira ka’er ukun. Ida ne’e potensia atu kria konfuzaun, katak ida halo kanek hela no seidauk kompleta ida seluk mai fali ona, sira bele halo tuir nafatin nomós karik sei la halo tuir.

Tolu, maski iha PEDN 2030 nia laran temin buat di’ak de’it ba benefesiu povu Timor-Leste maibe ninia prosesu hamosu interpretasaun ka impresaun minor katak liu hosi PEDN 2030, Parpol hirak agora ka’er ukun mak determina fali programa no prioridade no impoen ba Parpol sira seluk ne’ebé atu ka’er Governu iha tempu oin mai hodi implementa de’it. Karik hanesan ne’e Parpol sira seluk lalika halo ona programa hodi ba kampaña, tanba Parpol balun de’it iha Governu actual prepara tiha ona iha PEDN 2030. Karik ikus mai mak mosu disputa ruma (biasa iha polítik,), Parpol hirak ne’ebé ka’er Governu aktual bele deklara ba povu dehan ne’e ami nian, ami mak halo. Situasaun hosi pontu hirak temin iha leten sei halo faze sira temin iha PEDN 2030 la’o la konsistente, potensia atu loke dalan ba Parpol ka politik na’in sira atu sobu bebeik sistema, no minimiza sentidu hosi PEDN ne’e rasik no sei la susesu iha futuru.

Dalan úniku atu salva PEDN 2030 la’os de’it liu hosi partisipasaun povu liu hosi konsultasaun ne’ebé halo tiha ona no liu de’it hosi votasaun iha Parlementu Nasional, maibe tenke kria mekanizmu seluk tan ne’ebé apropriadu atu inklui parte sira seluk hanesan Igreija, Sosiedade Sivil, Akadémiku, no Parpol hotu ne’ebé ezisti, tantu sira ne’ebé iha asentu iha Parlementu no sira ne’ebé legalmente foin hamrik hodi hetan konkordansia, konsesu nasional ka paktu nasional ida ba PEDN 2030 ne’e. Signifika prosesu preparasaun ka formulasaun PEDN 2030 ne’e la’os mai hosi ema ida ka rua de’it maibe entidade hirak ne’e hotu partisipa, fó kontribuisaun mak rezulta PEDN2030. Ida ne’e mak tuir rekomendasaun PDN1 katak prosesu ida ne’e tenke partisipativu, la’os desizaun unilateral halo hosi ema grupu ki’ik ida hosi ministru sira (…..the process must be participative, not one of unilateral decision-making by a small cadre of Ministers). Mekanizmu ne’e mak kesi komponenti ka entidade hotu ba komitmentu ida de’it. Atu nune’e bele hamosu sentimentu partense ka ownership ba parte hothotu katak PEDN 2030 ida ne’e la’os ema ida nian de’it, la’os Parpol ida nia kusta, la’os Governu AMP nian, no la’os lider polítik ida nian. Nune’e mós ema ida labele dehan ka garganta fali iha povu nia let katak PEDN 2030 ne’e ninian de’it. Governasaun no administrasaun públiku durante ne’e hasoru problema bo’ot, iha obstaklu oioin tanba mosu sistema oioin, sobu tun-sobu sa’e, sistema ida seidauk metin ida mai sobu tiha hodi monta fali sistema foun. Sistema foun ne’e mós ita hanoin atu di’ak maibe afinal pior liu tan, la efisiente no efikaz, no ita fiar katak situasaun ida ne’e sei bele kontinua mosu iha futuru. Ninia rezultadu mak sistema sira ne’e kotu-kotu, pedasuk-pedasuk, fragmentadu, iha lakuna ka gap, hodi halo ema balun aproveita hamosu korupsaun. Tanba ne’e mak halo osan estadu nian gasta barak ona maibe to’o ohin loron ita la’o iha fatin de’it. Polítik na’in sira preokupa liu ho sitema oioin, gasta osan barak ba sistema no prosesu hirak ne’e hodi fó benefisiu ba sirak rasik. Povu iha kraik ne’eba terus nafatin hela alias sira nia moris la iha mudansa signifikativu ida.

Dahaat, Planeamentu nasional seidauk la’o di’ak tanba la iha Lei konaba Planu no Jestaun Planeamentu?

Iha Konstituisaun RDTL 2002 artigu 115 (parte 1 pontu d): hateten katak “Governu mak iha kompetensia atu prepara no implementa Planu no Orsamentu Estadu nian bainhira hetan tiha aprovasaun hosi Parlementu Nasional.” Tuir hakerek na’in nia interpretasaun katak Artigu ida ne’e ninia sentidu atu Governu tenke prepara uluk planu (PDN to’o Planu Aksaun Annual) mak foin tuir mai orsamentu. Bainhira iha ona planu mak tenke iha ninia regras ba implementasaun. Ninia regras ba implementasaun bazeia ba Lei ida, purezemplu Lei konaba Plau no Jestaun Planeamentu (ho ninia mekanizmu implementasaun, ninia sistema kontrulu ida rigirozu, ninia indikadór ka sasukat, ninia sansaun, nsst.). Purtantu, Lei ba Planu no Jestaun Planeamentu mak sai hanesan diresaun, matadalan atu kesi no orienta ema hotu liuliu ministériu sira, burokrasia em jeral, elementu hothotu inklui doadores sira hodi nune’e bele implementa PDN ne’e ho konsistente no bele sukat ninia progresu. Situasaun kontrariu fali, oras ne’e iha ona Lei No. 13/2009 konaba Orsamentu no Jestaun Finanseira maibe Lei konaba Planu no Jestaun Planeamentu sei la iha. Tanba ne’e mak ema dehan ita matan naklosu deitba osan no la fó interese ba planu. Lei ba Planu no Jestaun Planeamentu importante tebes atu halo ema, tantu polítik na’in ka governante sira, burokrasia labele halimar hodi kedok ba kedok mai ka halo halimar transferensia ba mai. Nune’e mós doadores sira labele atu “mendikte” halimar ka ka’er fali volante ba dezenvolvimentu nasional Timor-Leste nian. Atu ezekuta programa no atividade hosi PDN ida depende duni ba osan, maibe la signifika katak osan mak tenke orienta PDN. Pelu kontrariu PDN mak tenke sai baze no orienta ka komanda osan. Ida ne’e mak rekomenda hosi dokumentu PDN1 katak: PDN mak, no sai hanesan baze hodi orienta ka komanda orsamentu, la’os kontrariu fali. Prosesu PDN la’os tuir fali orsamentu ka sai subordinadu ka halo tuir de’it organizasaun finansas internasional sira nia mandatu no orariu ka parameter programa hirak doadores nian (the NDP is, and should be, the basis for driving the budget, not the other way around. The NDP process should be neither budget-driven, nor subordinated to the mandates of international finance organizations and the schedules or parameters of donor programs). Dala ida tan, osan importante tebes maibe la’os úniku, tenke iha uluk planu hanesan liña orientador, matadalan, tenki iha lei ida henesan baze legal ida atu hatudu dalan oinsa operasionaliza planu ne’e no impoen sansaun bainhira la la’o loos. Mal administrasaun no korupsaun hirak mosu durante ne’e rezultadu hosi falta de sistema no jestaun planeamentu hanesan temin iha leten. Sistema no jestaun planeamentu ida di’ak mak hatudu katak administrasaun públiku bele orientadu, efikaz no efisiente no ikus mai bele hamosu governasaun ida di’ak (good governance).

Dalima, Planeamentu, koordenasaun, monitorizasaun no avaliasaun ba atividade dezenvolvimentu la efikaz no efisiente tanba la iha Ajensia Planeamentu?

Hanesan temin ona iha leten katak PDN 2002 la hetan revizaun tanba la iha ajensia planeamentu ida definitivu atu halo serbisu ne’e. Ita mós bele dehan katak planeamentu, koordnesaun, monitorizasaun no avaliasaun ba programa, projetu no atividade dezenvolvimentu nasional seidauk másimu, la efikaz no efisiente tanba la iha ajensia planeamentu ne’ebé atu halo knar ne’e. Iha periodu tranzisaun ne’ebé lidera hosi UNTAET 2000-2002, estabele ajensia planeamentu foun ida ho naran Planning Commission hodi prepara Relatoriu Estadun Nasaun (State of the Nation Report 2002), halo konsultasaun klean ba reprezentante povu nian ema rihun atus tolu resin hodi formula Vizaun 2020 no prepara Planu Dezenvolvimentu Nasional 2002-2007 (PDN1). Iha dokumentu PDN1, liliu Parte 6 espesifikamente hateten katak hafoin Timor-Leste ukun rasik aan Planning Commission sei desolve no nesesaria duni ba Governu atu estabelese ajensia planeamentu ida ho responsabilidade atu tau matan ba faunsaun planeamentu ba dezenvolvimentu nasional, partikularmente ba monitorizasaun no avaliasaun (there is a need for a Government body with responsibility for overseeing national development planning functions, particularly monitoring and evaluation). Dokumentu PDN ne’e mós hatutan tan katak atu ajensia ne’e iha kredibilidade, organizasaun ne’e tenke iha nivel autónomu ida signifikativu, no bele involve parte interesante ka stakeholder sira iha implementasaun nia laran. Ajensia ida ne’e tenke prepara esbosu polítika ne’ebé inklui ninia responsabilidade, relasaun ho dirasaun orsamentu, koordenasaun doadores no respetiva ministériu sira (for it to be credible, this organization must have a significant degree of autonomy, and be able to involve stakeholders in implementation. The new body will have to draft a policy statement that captures its responsibilities, relationships with the budget office, donor coordination and respective line ministries). Hafoin Timor-Leste deklara tiha restaurasaun ukun rasik aan iha fulan Maiu 2002, ajensia pleneamentu ne’e nakfilak aan sai fali Dirasaun Nasional Planeamentu no Koordenasaun Asistensia Esterna (DNPKAE) ka kuensidu liu iha Inglês ho NDPEAC iha Ministériu Plano no Finansas nia okos. Iha fulan Agostu 2003, Governu Malázia, liu hosi ninia Economic Planning Unit (EPU) hato’o proposta ida ba Governu Timor-Leste atu estabelese Unidade ida ho naran Economic Planning and Implementation Coordination Unit (EPICU). Unidade ida ne’e prefere liu monta iha gabinete PM nia okos. Infelizmente, rekomendasaun ka polítika (policy) aprezenta iha PDN 2002 no proposta EPU Malázia la hetan kontinuasaun (follow up) ba sira nia realizasaun. Situasaun ida ne’e kontinua la’o nafatin ba oin to’o iha tempu IV Governu Konstitusional ninia ukun. Ezistensia NDPEAC ne’ebé responsabilija ba planeamentu em jeral inklui Unidade Koordenasaun ba Dezenvolvimentu Kapasidade ne’ebé responsabilija halo koordenasaun ba kapasitasaun “justru” lakon tiha iha estrutura foun no sira nia funsaun, passa fali ba Ministériu Ekonomia no Dezenvolvimentu, no MAEOT, maibe pratikamente akumula hotu iha Ministériu Finansas nia responsabilidade. Hafoin tinan tolu nia laran ita nota katak mudansa ba estrutura no funsaun hirak ne’e mós ladun funsiona ho efetivu. Haree hosi Programa IV Governu Konstitusional ne’e iha duni polítika atu estabelese ajensia planeamentu maibe la akontense. Iha tinan 2008 Governu ne’e estabelese Komisaun Nasional ba Peskiza no Dezenvolvimentu (KNPD) iha Ministériu Ekonomia no Dezenvolvimentu (MED) ho mandatu atu prepara Relatóriu Estadu Nasaun nian (REN) hanesan baze dadus hodi tuir mai bele prepara fali Planu Dezenvolvimentu Nasional (PDN) ba periodu 2007-2012. Iha hanoin ida katak bainhira KNPD ne’e kompleta tiha REN 2008, KNPD bele ona transforma ka nakfilak ba ajensia planeamentu nasional. Maibe bainhira prosesu ida ne’e la’o hela, ita rona fali katak Governu hakarak harii ajensia ida ho naran Strategic Planning and Investment Unit ka SPIU iha Gabinete Primeiru Ministru nia okos. Iha PM nia diskursu ida iha enkontru parseiru ba dezenvolvimentu iha tinan 2008 hateten katak,SPIU sei responsabilija atu transforma difikuldade ba dizafiu no dizafiu ba oportunidade hodi investe no kontra obstaklu ba dezenvolvimentu (the SPIU would be in charge of transforming difficulties into challenges and challenges into opportunities for investing in the fight against the obstacles to development). Iha tinan 2010 informalmente mosu esbosu ka draft dokumentu PEDN 2011 ne’ebé hateten katak Governu sei estabelese ajensia ida no hanaran the Economic Policy and Investment Agency (EPIA). Tuir fali iha PM nia diskursu ka aprezentasaun konaba esbosu Orsamentu Jeral Estadu tinan 2011 hateten katak sei kria the National Development Agency (NDA) atu tau matan no superviziona projetu sira iha Funsu Espesial, no atu asegura aprovisioanamentu efisiente no kualidade kontrolu ida aas (will be created under the Office of the Prime Minister in order to review, monitor and supervise projects, namely those of the Special Funds, and to ensure efficient procurement and greater quality control). Prosesu planeamentu ida efikaz la’os de’it presija planu ida sopistikadu maibe mós mákina burokrasia no orgaun planeamentu ba dezenvolvimentu nasional ne’ebé iha kapabilidade, em termus klaridade iha estrutura no funsaun sira, no kapasidade nesesariu ba ninia implementasaun. To’o iha ne’ebé de’it orgaun institusional bele serbisu ho efikaz depende ba sira nia kapasidade atu halo koordenasaun hosi kedas formulasaun to’o implementasaun (an effective planning process not only requires a sophisticated plan but also the national development planning machinery that is capable, in terms of the clarity of its structure and functions, and the necessary capacity for implementation. The extent to which the institutional machinery can work effectively will depend on their capacity to coordinate from the planning formulation to the implementation). Koordenasaun, monitorizasaun no avaliasaun ne’ebé fraku sei halo prosesu planeamentu lakon sentidu. Planeamentu ida la iha sentidu sei la iha valor no ninia implementasaun la iha rezultadu.

Purtantu durante tinan sia nia laran ita halimar ho ideias, proposta, polítika ho naran barak mak prega ba ajensia ne’e, maibe ita seidauk haree fizikamente ajensia ne’e hamrik no ema publikamente seidauk hatene. Ita bele dehan katak fatór ida ne’ebé halo fraku kualidade planeamentu ba dezenvolvimentu mak institusionalmente la iha ajensia planeamentu nasional ida ne’ebé sai hanesan mákina ida atu dudu prosesu dezenvolvimentu nasional ba oin. Tanba ne’e mak ita hein katak ajensia planeamentu ne’e tenke realiza lalais ona. Importante mak ajensia ne’e tenke monta ema Timor-oan sira. Tempu to’o ona atu fiar Timor-oan matenek sira hosi setór hothotu sai “think tank” no sai “driving force” ba prosesu dezenvolvimentu nasional. Ita gosta lori ema matenek na’in hosi rai liur, selu osan bo’ot, mai iha Timor-Leste loron ida-rua de’it hodi halo palestra, hakerek paper tahan lima to’o sanulu ne’ebé ita mós hatene hela tiha ona, Timor-oan matenek balun mós bele halo hanesan ne’e. Ida ne’e mak kria nafatin dependensia Timor-oan ba ema seluk.

Rekomendasaun no Lia-fuan taka

Sistema no prosesu (aturan main) ka jestaun planeamentu ida iha fatin metin, iha kapasidade ezekusaun ho kualidade aas importante tebes ba susesu dezenvolvimentu nasional nasaun ida nian. To’o ona tempu atu realiza lia-fuan ka retorika hirak ita ko’alia bebeik sai ba realidade. Hahuu agora ona ita hothotu liuliu ba parte hirak iha kompetensia hanesan Governu no Parlementu Nasional atu tenke hadia em termus hatuur ona iha fatin sistema no jestaun planeamentu ne’e liu hosi:

Ida, Estabelese Planu Dezenvolvimentu Nasional ida ka hanesan PEDN 2030 ne’e. Maski parte opozisaun la konkorda ho PEDN 2030 ne’e karik la signifika la simu. Ita haree sira foti kestaun tempu no prosedimentu atu diskuti klean liu tan. Timor-Leste hanesan nasaun foun ida tenke iha duni PDN ka PEDN 2030 ne’e. Kestaun mak oinsa tenke akumula ema hotu hodi hamosu sentimentu partense (ownership) atu nune’e sai hanesan úniku “road map” ba dezenvolvimentu nasional liuliu ba mediu praju, ka tinan lima oin mai. Faze ba PEDN2030 ne’e mós talvez tenke haree halo didiak hodi labele kria konfuzaun, ultrapasa malu, no duplikasaun.

Rua, tenke iha ona Lei ba Planu no Jestaun Planeamentu. Lei ne’e ho ninia prosedura, no mekanizmu monitorizasaun no avaliasaun ida klaru sai hanesan matadalan hodi kesimetin ema hotu ba susesu dezenvolvimentu nasional. Ida ne’e bele asegura implementasaun PEDN 2030 la’o tuir dalan loos no taka dalan ba prátika korrupsaun.

Tolu: tenke kria lalais ona Ajensia Planeamentu atu halo koordensaun, monitorizasaun no avaliasaun ba implementasaun dezenvolvimentu. Ajensia Planeamentu mak hanesan uluk PM Xanana hateten katak sei transforma difikuldade ba dizafiu, no dizafiu ba oportunidade hodi investe kontra obstaklu hirak ba dezenvolvimentu (……would be in charge of transforming difficulties into challenges and challenges into opportunities for investing in the fight against the obstacles to development). Hakerek na’in reforsa tan katak Ajensia Pleneamentu ida iha kapasidade, iha kualidade no forte mak sei sai hanesan lokomotivu ba transformasaun dezenvolvimentu nasional.

Haat: ministériu sira oras ne’e kala prepara tiha ona sira nia Planu Estratéjiku Ministériu (PEM) hodi azusta ba PEDN 2030 ne’e. Ministériu balun kria tan tiha ona sistema informasaun ba planu ne’e. Ne’e pasu di’ak ida maibe importante tebtebes mak iha nafatin komitmentu no konsistensia atu implementa planu ne’e. Tenki ezekuta osan tuir duni planu, tenke kontrola ninia lalaok atu nune’e bele kontribui ba susesu PEDN 2030 ne’e rasik.

Ikus liu, sistema no prosesu ka jestaun planeamentu ida rigirozu, bem organizadu, sistemátiku, estruturadu, sólidu, bele sinkroniza no harmoniza interese hothotu, iha ajensia planeamentu ida responsabilija ba koordenasaun, monitorizasaun, no avaliasaun bazeia ba Lei konaba Planu no Jestaun Planeamentu mak sei bele orienta no lori kualker Planu hanesan PEDN 2030 ba hetan susesu no hakbesik ba povu nia aspirasaun ne’ebé refleta iha Vizaun 2020. Hakerek ida ne’e taka ho lia-fuan furak iha Inglês ne’ebé dehan If we fail to identify the problem, we will fail to solve the problem. If we fail to plan, we plan to fail. *Artigu ida ne’e hatuun tiha ona iha STL 15-16 Jullu 2011

**Hakerek na’in hela iha Dili, email: augustosbarreto@hotmail com

Referensia:

1. IV Constitutional Government Program 2007-2012
2. Augusto S. Barreto, Consolidating the National Development Planning Process: 14 Key Issues that need to be resolved (unpublished document). National Commission for Research and Development (NCRD), Ministry of Economy and Development, RDTL
3. Augusto S. Barreto, Institusionalizasaun Sistema no Prosesu Planeamentu Nasional, Suara Timor Lorosa’e (STL) edisaun 9-10-11 de Fevereiru de 2010
4. Constitution 2002 of RDTL
5. Draft PEDN 2011-2030
6. Fretelin Hakarak Kontribui Ideias iha PEDN, Suara Timor Lorosa’e, 9 Jullu 2011
7. Fretelin, PUN Walk Out, PEDN Aprovadu, Xanana: La’os Hau Nian. Edisaun No. 69, Tersa 12 Jullu 2011
8. Kontra PEDN, Hanesan Kontra Povu Nia Hakarak, Suara Timor Lorosa’e, 7 Julu 2011
9. National Development Plan, Planning Commission, May 2002
10. PM Xanana Apresenta PEDN iha PN, Jornal Nacional Diário, 11 Junho 2011
11. Speech by His Excellency the Prime Minister Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão on the Occasion of the Timor-Leste and Development Partners’ Meeting 27-29 March 2008, Dili, Timor-Leste.
12. Speech by His Excellency the Prime Minister Kay Rala Xanana Gusmão on the Occasion of the Presentation of the Draft 2011 State General Budget, National Parliament 12 January 2011.
13. State of the Nation Report 2008, Volume 1, Chapter 1, Strategic Development Planning. National Commission for Research and Development, Ministry of Economy and Development, November 2008
14. Timor-Leste Vision 2020
15. The Timor-Leste NGO Forum, Statement by NGOs in the occasion of Timor-Leste Development Partners’ Meeting, Dili, April 1 – 4, 2009